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        <h1 class="title">ubuntu教程</h1>
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                <time datetime="2020-01-22T08:28:15.000Z" itemprop="datePublished" class="page-time">
  2020-01-22
</time>


	<ul class="article-category-list"><li class="article-category-list-item"><a class="article-category-list-link" href="/categories/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/">个人总结</a></li></ul>

            
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            <h4>TOC</h4>
            <ol class="post-toc"><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#反思"><span class="post-toc-number">1.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">反思</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#复活操作"><span class="post-toc-number">2.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">复活操作</span></a><ol class="post-toc-child"><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-4"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#基本配置"><span class="post-toc-number">2.0.1.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">基本配置</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-4"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#科学的看世界"><span class="post-toc-number">2.0.2.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">科学的看世界</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-4"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#优化美化"><span class="post-toc-number">2.0.3.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">优化美化</span></a><ol class="post-toc-child"><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-5"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#zsh安装与美化"><span class="post-toc-number">2.0.3.1.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">zsh安装与美化</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-5"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#tmux"><span class="post-toc-number">2.0.3.2.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">tmux</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-5"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#vim的美化"><span class="post-toc-number">2.0.3.3.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">vim的美化</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-4"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#其他内容"><span class="post-toc-number">2.0.4.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">其他内容:</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-4"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#To-be-continued"><span class="post-toc-number">2.0.5.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">To be continued</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol>
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<article id="post-ubuntu-back"
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        <h1 class="post-card-title">ubuntu教程</h1>
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            <time class="post-time" title="2020-01-22 16:28:15" datetime="2020-01-22T08:28:15.000Z"  itemprop="datePublished">2020-01-22</time>

            
	<ul class="article-category-list"><li class="article-category-list-item"><a class="article-category-list-link" href="/categories/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93/">个人总结</a></li></ul>



            
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            <h2 id="反思"><a href="#反思" class="headerlink" title="反思"></a>反思</h2><ul>
<li>之前崩的原因是搜狗输入法安装的时候没有提前安装fcix框架,导致乱码然后系统就傻掉了;</li>
<li>重装很多次的原因是因为没有在重装之前完全的格式化分区,我建议每一次玩具坏了都要用windows格式化一次呜呜呜</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="复活操作"><a href="#复活操作" class="headerlink" title="复活操作"></a>复活操作</h2><h4 id="基本配置"><a href="#基本配置" class="headerlink" title="基本配置"></a>基本配置</h4><ul>
<li>管理员权限,换源,安装vim  <pre><code>  sudo passwd(修改sudo密码)
  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get install vim
  </code></pre></li>
<li>更换国内源,这里我选择的是<a href="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">清华源</a>用下面的命令打开文件,并且注释里面的所有内容,<br> <pre><code> sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list<br></code></pre> <ul>
<li>然后粘贴下面的内容到打开的文件里面<br><pre><code># 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释<br>deb <a href="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/</a> bionic main restricted universe multiverse<br>deb <a href="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/</a> bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse<br>deb <a href="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/</a> bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse<br>deb <a href="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/</a> bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse<br></code></pre><br>如果你学过vim,就知道:w :q的含义,如果没有可以在终端使用vimtutor学习一下;</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>安装搜狗输入法(之前几次都因为它炸了我不信了……)，我参考了这一篇<a href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33159059/article/details/85019467" target="_blank" rel="noopener">博客</a></li>
<li>然后搭建基本的C语言环境,主要参考啦蒋老师的PA讲义<pre><code>su
apt-get install build-essential
apt-get install man                # on-line reference manual
apt-get install gcc-doc            # manual for GCC
apt-get install gdb                # GNU debugger
apt-get install git                # reversion control system
apt-get install libreadline-dev    # a library to use compile the project later
apt-get install libsdl2-dev        # a library to use compile the project later
apt-get install qemu-system-x86    # QEMU
</code></pre></li>
<li>安装chrome:请使用bing搜索;用gmail同步很香;</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="科学的看世界"><a href="#科学的看世界" class="headerlink" title="科学的看世界"></a>科学的看世界</h4><ul>
<li>我选择的是shadowsocks-libev(因为我qt5以及普通的pip安装的shadowsocks就没有成功过) <pre><code> mkdir shadowsocks
 cd shadowsocks
 touch shadowsocks.json
 vim shadowsocks.json
 </code></pre></li>
<li>将下面的内容根据自己的配置放进去:<pre><code>
{
  "server":"my_server_ip",
  "server_port":53450,
  "local_address": "127.0.0.1",
  "local_port":1080,
  "password":"密码",
  "timeout":300,
  "method":"aes-256-gcm",
  "fast_open": false
}
</code></pre></li>
<li>然后: ss-local -c ~/shadowsocks/shadowsocks/json &amp;<br>自己测试一下有没有问题;</li>
<li>感谢阿姨的提醒,我决定用别名+脚本来启动shadowsocks(因为每次开机输入上面的东西实在没有效率)：<ul>
<li>先写一个自启动脚本：<pre><code> touch ~/.ssstart.sh
vim ~/.ssstart.sh
</code></pre>
内容是:
<pre><code>#!/bin/bash
ss-local -c ~/shadowsocks/shadowsocks.json 
</code></pre></li>
<li>然后在终端里面起别名:<br><pre><code>vim ~/.bashrc<br>在末尾添加:<br>alias ss=’. ~/.ssstart.sh’<br>:wq 保存,退出<br>在终端里面:<br>source ~/.bashrc<br>(如果是zsh:source ~/.zshrc)<br></code></pre><br>尝试一下在终端输入ss,它lei了;</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>因为后面的netdata需要<strong>终端</strong>翻墙,我也就尝试了一下,如果没有需求可以跳过这一步:</p>
<ul>
<li>主要参考的是谷歌出来的<a href="http://www.totorocyx.me/2018/10/02/ubuntu_shadowsocks/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">网站</a></li>
<li>首先用pip -V康康有没有pip,没有的话使用sudo apt-get install python-pip安装</li>
<li><p>下面尝试全局代理(我也不确定能不能成功)：</p>
<ul>
<li>sudo pip install genpac</li>
<li>选择安装配置文件的目录,我选择的是:<pre><code>/home/larryytr/shadowsocks</code></pre></li>
<li>然后执行以下命令:<pre><code>sudo genpac –proxy=”SOCKS5 127.0.0.1:1080” –gfwlist-proxy=”SOCKS5 127.0.0.1:1080” -o autoproxy.pac –gfwlist-url=”<a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gfwlist/gfwlist/master/gfwlist.txt&quot;" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gfwlist/gfwlist/master/gfwlist.txt&quot;</a></code></pre></li>
<li>下面是一句搬运,我没有遇到过:<pre><code>注意：如果报错“fetch gfwlist fail.online: <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gfwlist/gfwlist/master/gfwlist.txt" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gfwlist/gfwlist/master/gfwlist.txt</a> local:None”，可以使用后面的语句：sudo genpac –proxy=”SOCKS5 127.0.0.1:1080” -o autoproxy.pac –gfwlist-url=”<a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gfwlist/gfwlist/master/gfwlist.txt&quot;" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gfwlist/gfwlist/master/gfwlist.txt&quot;</a><br></pre></code></li>
<li>执行完之后,目录下面会有一个autoproxy.pac文件。</li>
<li><p>然后在右上角,打开系统设置——网络——网络代理：“方法”选择“自动”，“配置URL”填写：</p>
<pre><code>file:///home/larryytr/shadowsocks/autoproxy.pac (请根据自己的实际情况修改)</code></pre></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>然后使得终端也能使用代理。我们需要<strong>privoxy</strong>代理工具:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>安装很自然:sudo apt-get install privoxy</p>
</li>
<li><p>然后编辑配置文件<pre><code>sudo vim /etc/privoxy/config </pre></code></p>
</li>
<li><p>在文档中搜索(vim 使用/搜索)“<strong>listen-address</strong>”（即监听地址），找到如下一行：<strong>listen-address localhost:8118</strong> 确保它没有被注释（如果这一行有#号，就手动删除）。再查找“<strong>forward-socks5t</strong>”，找到如下一行：<strong>forward-socks5t / 127.0.0.1:1080</strong> . 同样确保它没有被注释。如果没有这一行，就手动添加（注意！句尾那个点 . 是要写的！）。然后保存退出，再执行以下命令启动privoxy：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo privoxy --user privoxy &#x2F;etc&#x2F;privoxy&#x2F;config</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>最后，再配置/etc/profile：<pre><code></p>
<pre><code># 先进入编辑模式
</code></pre><p>sudo vim /etc/profile</p>
<pre><code># 在末尾添加以下三行：
</code></pre><p>export http_proxy=<a href="http://127.0.0.1:8118" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://127.0.0.1:8118</a><br>export https_proxy=<a href="http://127.0.0.1:8118" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://127.0.0.1:8118</a><br>export ftp_proxy=<a href="http://127.0.0.1:8118" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://127.0.0.1:8118</a></p>
<pre><code># 退出之后记得执行
source /etc/profile
</code></pre><p></code></pre></p>
</li>
<li><p>验证是否成功:curl <a href="http://www.google.com或wget" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.google.com或wget</a> <a href="http://www.google.com判断是否可以访问" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.google.com判断是否可以访问</a></p>
</li>
<li><p>HINT(请务必注意):使用proxy的时候没有办法提交os作业,要make submit之前,先进入配置文件(/etc/privoxy/config)把刚刚做的事情给注释掉,然后用上面的命令重启privoxy,最后就可以提交了！！！</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="优化美化"><a href="#优化美化" class="headerlink" title="优化美化"></a>优化美化</h4><ul>
<li>官网安装网易云</li>
<li>官网安装vscode</li>
<li>配置zsh,tmux,vim:</li>
</ul>
<h5 id="zsh安装与美化"><a href="#zsh安装与美化" class="headerlink" title="zsh安装与美化"></a>zsh安装与美化</h5><ul>
<li>学习了:<a href="https://www.sysgeek.cn/install-zsh-shell-ubuntu-18-04/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.sysgeek.cn/install-zsh-shell-ubuntu-18-04/</a><br><a href="https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000013612471这两篇教程" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000013612471这两篇教程</a>;</li>
<li>感谢何伟的配置文件;</li>
<li>相应的setting请参考我的github<a href="https://github.com/larryytr/Note_for_blog/tree/master/ubuntu" target="_blank" rel="noopener">相关内容</a>.</li>
<li>安装zsh:<pre><code>sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install zsh
chsh -s /bin/zsh (设置zsh为默认)
</code></pre></li>
<li>重启你的ubuntu</li>
<li>安装oh-my-zsh插件:<pre><code> wget https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/raw/master/tools/install.sh -O - | sh
</code></pre></li>
<li>不改theme一无所有</li>
<li>准备使用powerline主题  </li>
<li>首先安装powerline字体：<pre><code>
git clone https://github.com/powerline/fonts.git --depth=1
# install
cd fonts
./install.sh
# clean-up a bit
cd ..
rm -rf fonts
</code></pre></li>
<li>安装完字体之后要记得使用：终端-编辑-首选项-文本-文本外观-自定义字体打勾-选一个带有powerline的。(星际玩家找了好久)</li>
<li>安装powerline: sudo apt install powerline </li>
<li>我的配置见<a href="https://github.com/larryytr/Note_for_blog/tree/master/ubuntu" target="_blank" rel="noopener">相关内容</a>的setting .zshrc</li>
<li>颜色选择困难请: <pre><code>for code ({000..255}) print -P – “$code: %F{$code}This is how your text would look like%f”</code></pre></li>
<li>改完请source ~/.zshrc</li>
</ul>
<h5 id="tmux"><a href="#tmux" class="headerlink" title="tmux"></a>tmux</h5><ul>
<li>tmux是一个很优秀的分屏软件,介绍可以看jyy的PA讲义以及自己搜索教程;</li>
<li>我使用了何伟的配置,具体见<a href="https://github.com/larryytr/Note_for_blog/tree/master/ubuntu" target="_blank" rel="noopener">相关内容</a>的setting</li>
<li>我又加了一个插件使得tmux在重启之后状态可以恢复:<ul>
<li>主要参考这个<a href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/24660412" target="_blank" rel="noopener">知乎教程</a></li>
<li><pre><code>git clone https://github.com/tmux-plugins/tmux-resurrect ~/tmux_tmp
</code></pre></li>
<li>在~/.tmux.conf.local里面加上:<pre><code>run-shell ~/tmux_tmp/resurrect.tmux
</code></pre></li>
<li>最后载入这个配置：<pre><code>tmux source-file ~/.tmux.conf<br></code></pre></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h5 id="vim的美化"><a href="#vim的美化" class="headerlink" title="vim的美化"></a>vim的美化</h5><ul>
<li>使用啦懒人vim: spf13-vim美化</li>
<li>请看<a href="https://github.com/larryytr/Note_for_blog/tree/master/ubuntu" target="_blank" rel="noopener">相关内容</a>的setting，找到并且下载spf13-vim.sh,然后bash spf13-vim.sh</li>
<li>我的配置同样在<a href="https://github.com/larryytr/Note_for_blog/tree/master/ubuntu" target="_blank" rel="noopener">相关内容</a>的setting里面;</li>
<li>这个时候的vim没有办法和系统剪切版交互,我根据<a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/memory4young/p/could-not-use-system-clipboard-in-vim.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.cnblogs.com/memory4young/p/could-not-use-system-clipboard-in-vim.html</a> 下载了其他一些插件:<br><pre><code>sudo apt-get install vim-scripts vim-gtk vim-gnome</pre></code><br>这样 vim –version|grep “cliboard” 会看到 +clipboard;<br>然后就可以用+y,+p实现系统剪切版和vim剪切版的交互啦！</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="其他内容"><a href="#其他内容" class="headerlink" title="其他内容:"></a>其他内容:</h4><ul>
<li>OSlab还需要:<ul>
<li>sudo apt-get install curl</li>
<li>sudo apt-get install gcc-multilib</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>git 配置请搜索廖雪峰</li>
<li>ctags 可以参考Mengzelev的<a href="https://mengzelev.github.io/2018/10/04/pa-inspirations/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">博客</a></li>
<li>感谢xnr给我推荐的network来查看linux的运行情况<ul>
<li>这是netdata的官方网站:<a href="https://github.com/netdata/netdata#user-base" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/netdata/netdata#user-base</a></li>
<li>但是由于GFW,安装会出现报错,事实上需要终端翻墙才行</li>
<li>可以通过这篇<a href="https://blog.csdn.net/zhangvalue/article/details/80270169" target="_blank" rel="noopener">教程</a><br><pre><code> sudo apt-get install net-tools<br>  ifconfig<br></code></pre><br>查看inet 之后的内容来得知自己的server_ip</li>
<li>成功之后,进入 <a href="http://127.0.0.1:19999/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://127.0.0.1:19999/</a> (:19999前面的是自己的server_ip地址,请按需要更改),得到炫酷的体验</li>
<li>相应配置可以参考这篇<a href="https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1181577" target="_blank" rel="noopener">博客</a>或者自己搜索</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>OSlab的kvm bug处理方法：<a href="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1479558" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1479558</a><pre><code>chmod 666 /dev/kvm to get it working right now. Then to fix future reboots, create a file /lib/udev/rules.d/99-kvm.rules with this content:
KERNEL=="kvm", GROUP="kvm", MODE="0666"</code></pre></li>
<li>texlive 安装<pre><code>sudo apt install texlive-full</code></pre>
相关的vscode配置可以抄我的[setting](https://github.com/larryytr/Note_for_blog/tree/master/setting)
vscode的保存即编译请<pre><code>Ctrl+Shift+p,搜索setting,搜索Build,Latex-workshop › Synctex › After Build: Enabled打勾；</code></pre></li>
<li>ubuntu的截图:我参考了这篇<a href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq_17448289/article/details/56480805" target="_blank" rel="noopener">博客</a><ul>
<li>打开右上角的设置–&gt;设备–&gt;键盘–&gt;快捷键,点击+</li>
<li>显然的配置好按键,然后在命令里面写<pre><code>gnome-screenshot -a</code></pre></li>
<li>hint:上面的命令终端输入也有效<br>截屏的图在文件夹的图片(picture)里面;</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="To-be-continued"><a href="#To-be-continued" class="headerlink" title="To be continued"></a>To be continued</h4><ul>
<li>有空再研究怎么换主题;</li>
</ul>

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